թՉ-թԹ❁թՉ-թԹԴթՉթԹ. թԹթԹ❁թԹզթԹԴթՉթԹԳթԹբթԹ❁թԹԳ թԹ թԹ թԹ թԹ թԹ թԹ
թԹ,թԹէթԹ❁թԹ-թԹ,թՉ թԹԴթՉ-թԹԳթԹ,թԹ❁ թԹէթԹԴթՉթՉ-թԹ,թԹ(թՉ-թԹե թԹ.թԹ(թՉ-թԹ.թԹ, թԹ՛թՉ-թԹ❁թԹէթԹ❁թՉ-թԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ,թԹդ թՉ❁ թԹ՟թԹԲթԹ§թԹ❁թԹ։թԹ,թՉ-
թժզթԹ(թՉ-թԹեթԹ(թՉ-թԹզ թԹԲթԹ, թԻթԹ❁թԹզթԹէթԹ❁թԹ.թԹԴթՉթԹԱթԹ. թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹբթԹէթԹԳթԹ❁թԹ§թԹ(թՉ-թԹ(թԹթԹ, թԹ՞թՉթՉ թԹ❁թՉ-թԹ՟թԹ,թԹԷթԹԳթԹ(թՉ-թԹ,թԹ, թԹԴթՉ-թԹ— թԹԳթԹ՜թԹ❁թՉ-թԹ❁թԹ։թՉ-թԹԴթՉթԹԲ թԹ« թԹզթԹթՉ-թՉ թԹԳթԹ❁թԹ՟թԹ❁թՉ-թԹ❁թՉ-թԹԳթԹ(թՉ-թԹ, թԹ՟թԹԴթՉ-թԹ՛թՉ-թԹ)թԹ, թԹԳթԹ❁թԹ՟թԹ❁թԹ։թԹ❁թԹ՛թԹ, թԹ❁թԹԶթԹ❁թԹեթԹ,թԹԳ թԹէթԹ(թԹԱթԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹ- թԹ՞թԹԳթԹ❁թԹզթԹէթԹ❁թԹզ թՉթԹ,թԹ՜թԹԴթԹբթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ, թՉ❁ թԹ՞թՉթՉ թԻթԹԴթԹ՟թԹԳթԹ❁թԹ՟թԹ❁թԹ։թԹ❁թԹ՛ թժթԹ,թԹդթԹ❁թՉ-թԹ) թՉ թԹ,թՉթԹզթԹԴթԹԳթԹ, թԹ՛թԹ(թԹէթԹ❁թՉթՉ-թՉթՉ-թԹ❁թԹգթԹ❁թՉ-թԹ՝ թԹ»թՉ-թԹԴթՉթԹբթԹթԹ— 1959 թԹ.. թԹ՛թԹԴթՉթԹ-թԹ,թԹզթԹ, 25-թԹ,թԹԳ, թԹԷթԹ(թՉ-թԹեթԹ,թԹԳթԹ,թԹզ թՉթԹԴթԹզթԹ՜թԹԷթԹ❁ թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹէթԹ❁թՉ-թԹ❁թԹ… թԹ❁թԹբթԹթԹ(թԹ-թԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹ❁թԹԳ թԹ՝թԹ❁թԹԲթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ❁թԹ՜: թԹ՞թԹԷթԹ(թԹ-թԹ, թԹԷթԹ❁թԹԱ թԹԳթՉ-թԹ❁թԹԳթՉ թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹԳթԹ)թԹ,թԹԵթԹ(թԹ- թԹ«թԹ,թԹԳ թՉթԹ,թԹ❁թԹթԹբթԹ❁թԹ- թՉ թԹ❁թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹԳթԹ։թԹԳթԹ(թՉ- թՉթԹ,թԹ՜թԹԴթԹբթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ, թԹԵթԹ❁թԹէթԹԲթԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹԳ թԹ❁թԹբթԹթԹ(թԹ-թԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹ❁թԹԳ թԹ՝թԹ❁թԹԲթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ❁թԹ՜:
թԹթԹ❁թԹԶթԹ— թԹԵթԹ❁թԹէթԹ(թՉ-թԹ❁թԹ»թԹԲթԹ, թԹ։թԹ❁թԹ։թԹ❁թԹ.թԹԳթԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ(թԹէթԹ,թԹԳթԹ թԹ(թՉ-թԹ՜թԹԴթՉ թԹԲթՉ-թԹթԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ,թԹ թԹ❁թԹԶթԹ❁թԹեթԹԳթԹԴթՉ-թԹ)թԹԳթԹ(թՉ-թԹ, թԹԲթԹ,թԹեթՉ❁ թՉթԹԳթԹԳթԹ❁թՉ-թԹ՜թԹԴթՉթԹԲթԹ— թՉթԹ❁թԹԱթԹ❁թՉթԹ❁թԹԷթԹ❁թՉ-թԹ, թԹ§թԹԳթԹԴթՉթԹբթԹ. թԹ«թՉ- թԹ՜թՉ-թԹԴթՉթԹԲ, թԹզթԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹբթԹԳ թԹ❁թԹգթԹ՟թԹԴթՉթԹբթԹ՝ թԹ«թՉ-: թՉ թԹ,թՉթԹզթԹԴթԹԳթԹ— թԹ։թԹԴթԹԷթԹ❁թԹզթԹ❁թԹԳթՉթԹ, թԹ՟թԹԴթԹզթՉթԹ(թՉ- թԹ❁թԹզթԹ❁թԹ թՉթԹ,թԹ՜թԹԴթԹբթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ, թԹԲթԹ❁թԹզթԹ,թԹԳ, թԹԴթՉ-թԹ— թԹ,թՉթԹ,թԹ❁թԹթԹբթԹ❁թԹ- թՉ թԹ❁թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹԳթԹ։թԹԳթԹ(թՉ-թԹԴթՉթԹԲ թԹ§թԹ❁թԹ»թԹԲթԹ❁թԹ.թԹ,թԹԷ թԹ—թԹԳթԹ՜թԹ(թՉ-թԹԳթԹ(թՉ- թԹ«թՉ- թԹ՞թԹ(թԹԶթՉ թԹ§թԹ(թՉ-թԹ(թԹ-, թԹԴթՉ-թԹԴթԹԳթՉ թԹ՛թԹ,թԹ❁թԹթԹ❁թԹ… թԹ«թԹ,թԹԳ թԹԳթՉ-թԹ❁ թԹ(թԹԶթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ)թԹԴթԹԷ թՉ❁ թԹաթԹ՜թԹԴթՉթԹԳթԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹ❁թԹԲթԹ§ թԹ,թՉ- թԹէթԹ(թԹզթԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ(թԹէթԹԳթԹ(թՉ-թԹԳ թԹ❁թՉ-թԹէթԹ❁թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹբթԹէթԹ(թԹ-թԹ,թԹզթԹե: թՉ թԹ,թՉթԹզթԹԴթԹԳթԹ— թԹԳթԹ❁թՉ❁ թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹբթԹէթԹ❁թՉ-թԹ❁թՉ-թԹ(թԹ, թԹԴթՉ- թԹ,թՉթԹ,թԹ՜թԹԴթԹբթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ, թԹ❁թԹբթԹթԹ— թԹ՞թՉթՉ թԹ՜թԹԴթԹէթՉ-թԹ(թԹ- թԹ«թՉ- թԹզթԹ❁թԹԶթԹԴթՉթԹբթԹթԹ— թԹԴթԹդ թԹԲթԹ,թԹ❁թԹբթԹԳ թԹԵթԹ❁թԹգթԹէթԹԴթԹԳթԹ❁թԹԵթԹ(թԹզ, թԹ❁թԹբթԹ- թԹԳթԹ❁թՉ❁ թԹ❁թԹԳթԹ՞թԹԳթԹ❁թԹԵթԹ(թԹզ թԹ(թՉ-թԹ՜թԹԴթՉ թԹ(թՉ-թԹ՜թՉ-թԹԳթԹ(թՉ-թԹ, թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹԲթԹ❁թԹԵթԹ❁թԹէթԹ❁թԹզթԹ՟թԹ❁թԹԳ թԹէթԹ(թԹզթԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ(թԹէթԹԳթԹ(թՉ-թԹ, թԹԷթԹ(թՉ-թԹ❁թԹ§թԹ(թՉ-թԹբթԹ❁թԹ-թԹե: թԹ՞թՉ-թԹ՟թԹ,թԹԷթԹ❁թԹբթԹ,թԹԳ թԻթԹ❁թԹզթԹէթԹ❁թԹ.թԹԱթԹ.թԹԴթՉթԹԲ թԹԳթԹգթԹԷթԹ❁թԹ… թԹ«թՉ-, թԹԴթՉ- թՉթԹ,թԹ՜թԹԴթԹբթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ— թԹ,թԹզթԹ,թՉ-թԹ❁թԹ-թԹ,թՉ- թԹԵթԹ❁թԹէթԹ❁թԹզթԹ՟թԹ❁թԹԳթԹ(թԹ թԹԴթԹԱթԹեթԹԴթՉթԹբթԹԳթԹ, թԹ՟թԹԴթԹզթՉթԹ,թԹԳ թՉ❁ թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹԷթԹ(թԹ-թԹ(թԹ, թԹԴթՉ- թԻթԹԴթԹ՟թԹԳթԹ❁թԹ՟թԹ❁թԹ։թԹ❁թԹ՛թԹ— թԹԲթԹ(թԹ… թԹԷթԹ,թԹաթԹ❁թԹ§թԹ❁թԹԳթԹԴթԹԱ թԹ« թՉ❁ թԹԴթԹդ թԹԲթԹ(թԹ՜թԹ, թԹԵթԹ❁թՉ-թԹէթՉթԹ, թԹէթԹ❁թԹ՜ թԹդթԹ, թԹԲթԹԳթԹԴթՉթԹԲթԹե:
թԹԳթՉ-թԹԴթՉթԹբթԹթԹ— թԹգթԹ❁թԹէ թԹ❁թՉ-թԹ❁թԹ։ թԹԷթԹ(թՉ-թԹ❁թԹ…թԹԷթԹ(թԹ թՉթԹ❁թԹԱթԹ❁թՉթԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹԳթԹ,, թԹ(թՉ-թԹ§ թՉթԹ,թԹ՜թԹԴթԹբթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ— թԹ)թԹ՝թԹ։թԹԴթԹ՛թԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹԴթՉթԹԳ թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹբթԹէթԹԳթԹ(թԹ թԹէթԹԴթԹԳթԹ։թՉ-թԹ(թԹզթԹ, թԹԷթԹ(թՉ-թԹեթԹ,թԹԳ թԹ§թԹ❁թԹԳթԹ❁թԹ՞թՉ❁թԹ, թԹ❁թԹԳթԹԵթԹ❁թԹէթԹ(թԹ՛թԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹ❁թԹԳ թԹԲթԹ❁թԹզթԹ,թԹԳթԹ թԹ՜թԹԴթԹԲթԹԴթՉթԹԳթԹ,թԹզթԹէթԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹԳ թԹ,թԹգթԹ՟թԹ❁թԹԳթԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹ❁թԹԳ թԹ՜թԹԴթԹԱթԹԲթԹ,թԹ թԹ§թԹԶթԹԳթԹ❁թԹ։թՉ-թԹ❁թԹԷթԹԷթԹ❁թԹ… թԹԵթԹ(թԹէթԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹԴթՉթԹԳթԹԳթԹ(թՉ-թԹ, թԹԷթԹ(թՉ-թԹ❁թԹ§թԹ(թՉ-թԹբթԹ❁թԹ-, թԹ❁թԹբթԹ) թԹ.թԹԷթԹԴթՉթԹԲթԹ թՉ-թԹ❁թԹբթԹ❁թԹզթԹէթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ,:թԹ թՉթԹ,թԹ՜թԹԴթԹբթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ,թԹԳ թԹ.թԹԷթԹԴթՉթԹԲ թԹ«թՉ-, թԹԴթՉ- թԹ§թԹ❁թԹԳթԹ❁թԹ՞թՉ❁թԹ— թԹԳթԹԵթԹ❁թԹէթԹ❁թԹ՜ թԹԴթՉթԹԳթԹ(թՉ- թԹ՟թԹ❁թԹԳթԹ։թԹ❁թՉ-թԹ(թԹ- թՉ թԹ,թՉթԹզթԹԴթԹԳթԹ, թԹ❁թԹբթԹթԹ— թԹզթԹԴթՉ-թԹ՛թՉ-թԹ)թԹ❁թԹբթԹ,թԹԳ թՉթԹ,թԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹԴթՉթԹԳ: թՉ թԹ,թՉթԹզթԹԴթԹԳթԹ— թԹ❁թՉ-թԹ)թԹ❁թՉ-թԹ❁թԹթԹ❁թԹԷ, թԹԴթՉ- թԹ՞թՉթՉ թԹ՜թԹԴթԹԳթԹ։թՉ-թԹ(թԹզթԹ— թԹ❁թԹԳթԹ՜թԹ❁թԹ՟ թԹԲթԹ❁թՉ-թԹԲթԹ,թԹԳ թԹ«, թՉ❁ թԹԳթԹԴթՉթԹբթԹԳթԹ,թԹզթԹ՜ թԹԳթԹ❁թԹ՟թԹ❁թԹ։թԹ❁թԹ՛թԹ— թԹդթԹ, թԹ՜թԹ❁թՉ-թԹԴթԹԱ թԹԷթԹ(թՉ-թԹ❁թԹ՛թԹզթԹ՜թԹ(թԹ- թԹԳթՉ-թԹ❁ թԹԴթՉ-թԹԴթԹգթԹԴթՉթԹԲթԹԳթԹ(թՉ-թԹ—թ§Չ-Թ» թՉթԹԴթԹ՟թԹԳթԹ❁թԹ՟թԹ❁թԹ։թԹ❁թԹ՛ թՉ թԹ,թՉթԹզթԹԴթԹԳթԹ— թԹգթԹ❁թՉ-թԹԴթՉթԹԳթԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ(թԹ թԹ§թԹ❁թԹթԹ❁թԹէթՉ-թԹ(թԹ-. թԹ,թԹԲթԹ(թՉ- թԹ§թԹԳթԹ❁թԹ՜թԹդթԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹ❁թԹԳ թԹԲթԹ(թԹե թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹԳ թԹէթԹ❁թՉ-թՉ-թԹ(թՉ-, թԹ❁թԹԳթԹ՜թԹ❁թԹ՟ թԹԳթՉ-թԹ❁թԹԳթԹ,թԹ, թԹ.թԹ( թՉթԹ,թԹ՜թԹԴթԹբթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ— թԹԳթՉ-թԹ❁թԹԳթԹ թԹ՜թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹԲթԹ❁թՉ-թԹ, թԹաթԹ,թԹգթԹէ թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹԲ թԹզթԹ՟թԹ❁թԹ-, թԹԴթՉ-թԹԴթԹԳթՉ թԹ՜թԹ❁թՉ-թԹ…թԹԴթՉթԹԲ թԹ(թԹԳ, թԹԴթՉ- թԹ,թՉ-թԹ(թԹԳթԹ թԹԳթԹ❁թԹ՟թԹ՜թԹ,թԹԳ թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹբթՉ-թԹ(թԹԳթԹ,թՉթԹԳթԹ(թՉ-թԹԴթՉթԹԲ թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹԶթԹ❁թԹԷթԹ❁թՉ-թԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹԴթՉթԹԳթԹԳթԹ(թՉ-թԹ— թԹԵթԹ(թԹէթՉ թԹ« թԻթԹԴթԹ՟թԹԷթԹ(թԹԳ: թՉթԹ(թՉ- թԹէթԹԴթԹԳթԹ։թՉ-թԹ(թԹզթԹ— թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹաթԹ❁թԹ՟ թԹ—թԹԳթԹ)թԹԴթՉթԹԳթԹԴթՉթԹԲ թԹ« թԹ§թԹ❁թԹԳթԹ❁թԹ՞թՉ❁թԹ(թՉ-, թԹԴթՉ-թԹԴթԹԳթՉ թԹԳթԹ(թՉ-թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹբթԹ❁թԹթԹԳթԹԴթՉթԹԲ թԹ(թԹԳ թԹ❁թԹբթԹ) թԹէթԹ❁թՉ-թՉ-թԹ(թՉ-թԹ, թԹէթԹ(թԹզթԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ(թԹէթԹԳթԹ(թՉ-թԹ—, թԹԴթՉ-թԹԴթԹԳթՉ թԹԳթԹ(թՉ-թԹ❁թԹԶթԹԴթՉթԹԲ թԹ(թԹԳ թԹ❁թԹբթԹԳթԹԵթԹ,թԹզթԹ, թԹ❁թԹ»թԹ։թԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹԴթՉթԹԳթԹԳթԹ(թՉ-, թԹ,թԹԳթԹդթԹԵթԹ,թԹզթԹ,թՉ թԹ(թԹԳ թԹ-թԹ(թԹ՛թԹ(թՉ-թԹ—, թԹ՛թԹԴթՉթԹԳթԹ։թԹ❁թՉ-թԹ❁թԹթԹ,թԹԳթԹ(թՉ-թԹ— թՉ❁ թԹ❁թԹբթԹ-թԹԳ: թԹԱթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ❁թԹ՞թՉ❁թԹ, թՉ❁, թԹԲթԹ❁թԹզթԹԳթԹ❁թԹԷթԹԴթՉ-թԹ❁թԹԵթԹ(թԹզ թԹԳթԹ❁թԹ՟թԹ❁թԹ։թԹ❁թԹ՛թԹ, թԹ՛թԹԶթԹդթԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹ։թՉ-թԹԴթՉթԹԲ թԹ❁թԹզթԹԷթԹԴթՉթԹԲ թԹ«, թԹԴթՉ- թԹ)թԹ❁ թԹԲթԹ,թԹ❁թԹբթԹԳ թԹ❁թԹԲթԹ(թՉ-թԹ,թԹ՜թԹբթԹ❁թԹԳ թԹ՝թԹԴթԹԱթԹԴթԹԷթՉ-թԹ)թԹ, թՉ❁ թԹ❁թԹԲթԹ(թՉ-թԹ,թԹ՜թԹբթԹ❁թԹԳ թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹԶթԹ❁թԹԷթԹ❁թՉ-թԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹ❁թԹԳ թԹ՜թԹ❁թՉ-թԹ…թԹ,թՉթԹ, թԹ❁թՉ-թԹէթԹ❁թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹբթԹէթԹԴթՉթԹԲթԹԳ թԹ«, թՉ❁ թԹԴթՉ- թԹ,թՉ-թԹ(թԹԳթՉ թԹդթԹ(թԹԳ թԻթԹԴթՉ-թԹ՞թԹԴթՉթԹԲ թԹԲթԹ❁թԹզթԹԳթԹ❁թԹ՜թԹթԹ(թԹ- թԹ❁թԹբթԹզթԹԵթԹ(թԹզ թԹ՜թԹԴթԹդթԹԷթԹ❁թԹ… թՉթԹ❁թԹբթՉթԹ❁թԹբթԹ,թԹդ թԹ։թԹԴթՉ-թԹ…թԹԴթԹԱթԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹԴթՉթԹԳթԹԳթԹ(թՉ-թԹ,թԹԳթԹե:
թԹԳթԹ❁թՉ-թԹԲթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ❁թԹ-թԹ, թԹ«, թԹԴթՉ- թՉթԹ,թԹ՜թԹԴթԹբթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ—, թԹԴթՉ-թԹ— թԹ՟թԹԴթՉ-թԹ՛թՉ-թԹ)թԹ❁թԹբթԹ,թԹԳ թԹ§թԹ❁թՉ-թԹ՞թՉ-թԹ❁թԹզթԹէթԹ,թԹաթԹ❁թԹԳ թԹԵթԹ❁թԹգթԹէթԹԴթԹԳթԹբթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ(թՉ-թԹ,թԹ թԹԲթԹ(թԹ՜թԹԳ թԹ«թՉ-, թԹ❁թԹբթԹԳթԹԴթՉթԹ՛թԹ(թԹէթՉ❁ թԹԳթԹգթԹ(թԹ թԹ,թՉ- թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹբթԹ՜թԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹԳ թԹ,թԹԳթՉթԹԳթԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹ❁թԹԳ թԹԲթԹ❁թԹզթԹ,թԹԳթԹ թՉ թԹ,թՉթԹզթԹԴթԹԳթԹ,թԹԳ թԹ❁թԹզթԹ(թԹ-թԹԴթԹԷ, թԹԴթՉ- թԹ,թԹԳթԹ❁ թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹբ թԹ« թԹԴթՉ թԹ.թԹ(թՉ❁ թՉ-թԹ❁թԹբթԹ❁թԹզթԹէթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ, թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹԶթԹ❁թԹԷթԹ❁թՉ-թԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹ❁թԹԳ թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹ»թԹԲթԹԴթՉթԹԲ թԹդթԹ, թԹ։թԹԴթՉ-թԹ…թԹԴթՉթԹԲ, թԹզթԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹբթԹԳ թԹ։թԹ,թԹէթԹ, թԹ❁թԹբթԹ) թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹԳթՉ-թԹ❁թԹԵթԹ(թԹէթԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹ❁թԹԳ թԹաթԹ(թՉ-թԹ❁թԹ։թԹԴթՉթԹբթԹԳ թԹ՟թԹԴթՉ-թԹ՛թՉ-թԹ)թԹ, 30 թԹԵթԹ❁թԹէթԹ։թԹ❁թԹԲթԹ❁թԹԷթԹԴթՉ-թԹԳթԹ(թՉ-թԹ,, թԹԴթՉ-թԹԴթԹԳթԹ թԹ՛թԹ(թԹէթԹ❁թՉթՉ-թՉթՉ-թԹԴթՉթԹԲ թԹ«, թԹ.թԹ( թԹԴթԹԷ թԹ« թԹ,թՉ-թԹ❁թԹԷթԹԴթՉթԹԳթՉ թԹէթԹԷթԹ(թԹ- թԹ❁թԹԲթԹ(թՉ-թԹ,թԹ՜թԹբթԹ❁թԹԳ թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹԶթԹ❁թԹԷթԹ❁թՉ-թԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ— թԹ։թԹԴթՉ-թԹ…թԹ(թԹ- թԹ,թՉ-թԹ(թԹԳթԹ թԹ❁թԹԳթԹԴթՉթԹԳթԹ,թԹ թՉ❁ թԹ,թԹԳթԹդթԹԴթՉ թԹ❁թԹԲթԹ(թՉ-թԹ,թԹ՜թԹբթԹ❁թԹԳ թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹԶթԹ❁թԹԷթԹ❁թՉ-թԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹԴթՉթԹԳթԹ— թԹԴթԹդթԹ,թԹԳթԹդ թԹդթԹ, թԹ❁թԹԳթԹԴթՉթԹԲ թԹ,թԹզթԹ՜թԹ❁թԹԵթԹ(թԹզ թԹաթԹԳթԹգթԹԷթԹ❁թԹ… թԹ՝թԹԴթԹԱթԹԴթԹԷթԹԴթՉթՉ-թԹ)թԹԳթԹ(թՉ-թԹ, թԹ❁թԹ»թԹ❁թԹէթԹ❁թԹ։թՉ-թԹԲթԹ❁թԹԳ թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹԲթԹ❁թՉ-, թԹ,թԹԳթԹդթԹԵթԹ,թԹզթԹ,թԹԳ թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹբթԹ՜թԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹԳ թԻթԹԴթՉթՉ-թԹ❁թԹԲթԹ❁թԹզթԹԳթԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹԴթՉթԹԳթԹԳ թԹ« թԹդթԹԴթՉթՉ-թՉթԹ,թԹ❁թԹբթԹԴթՉթԹԲթԹե:
թՉթԹ,թԹ՜թԹԴթԹբթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ, թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹբթԹէթԹ❁թՉ-թԹ❁թՉ-թԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹԴթՉթԹԳթԹ— թԹ»թԹ❁թՉ-թԹԲթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ❁թԹ-թԹ, թԹ«թՉ-, թՉթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ, թԹԴթՉ- թԹԳթԹ❁ թԻթԹԴթԹ՟թԹԳթԹ❁թԹ՟թԹ❁թԹ։թԹ❁թԹ՛ թՉ թԹ,թՉթԹզթԹԴթԹԳթԹ, թԹ՛թԹ(թԹէ թԹ՟թԹԴթԹզթԹԴթՉթԹԲ թԹ«թՉ- թԹԴթՉ-թԹԵթԹ(թԹզ թԹ՟թԹԴթՉ-թԹ՛թՉ-թԹ)թԹ❁թԹբթԹ,թԹԳ թԹԱթԹ(թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹԷթԹ❁թՉ-, թԹԴթԹդ թԹ.թԹ( թԹԴթՉ-թԹԵթԹ(թԹզ թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹբ: թԹԱթԹ❁թԹթԹ, թԹ❁թԹբթԹ), թՉթԹ,թԹ՜թԹԴթԹբթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ— թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹբթԹէթԹԳթԹ, թԹդթԹ«թՉ- թԹԴթՉ-թԹԵթԹ(թԹզ թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹբ թԹ❁թԹ»թԹ։թԹ❁թԹբթԹԳթԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹԳ: թԹեթՉ-թԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹԳթԹԴթՉթԹԲ, թԹԳթԹ❁ թԹԲթԹ(թԹԱթԹ❁թԹ)թՉ-թԹԷթԹԴթՉթԹԲ թԹ«թՉ- թԹ§թԹ❁թԹ»թԹԲթԹ❁թԹ.թԹ,թԹԷ թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹբթԹ(թՉ-թԹ, թԹԲթԹ❁թԹ՛թԹԷթԹ❁թԹԳ թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹԲթԹ❁թՉ- թԹդթԹ❁թՉ-թԹ❁թԹ§թԹ❁թԹզթԹէթԹ,թԹ՜ թԹԲթԹ❁թՉթՉ-թԹ❁թԹ։թԹԴթՉ-թԹ…թԹԴթՉթԹԲթԹԳթԹ(թՉ-թԹ, թԹ՝թԹ❁թԹԲթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ❁թԹ՜ թԹ՜թԹԴթԹԲթԹԴթՉթԹԳթԹ,թԹզթԹէթԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹԳ թ§Չ-Չդթ§Չ-ՉդթԹ,թԹգթԹ՟թԹ❁թԹԳթԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹ❁թԹԳ թՉ»թՉ-թԹԴթՉ: թՉթԹ,թԹ՜թԹԴթԹբթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ— թԹդթԹ«թՉ- թԹ❁թԹեթԹ❁թԹ՜թԹթԹ(թԹ- թԹԳթԹ❁թՉ❁ թԹզթԹԴթՉ-թԹ՛թՉ-թԹ)թԹ❁թԹբթԹ,թԹԳ թՉ-թԹ❁թԹբթԹ❁թԹզթԹէթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ, թԹ՛թԹ(թԹէ թԹԶթԹ(թԹԶթԹԳթԹ❁թԹբթԹ,թԹԳ թՉթԹ❁թՉ-թԹ❁թԹ§թԹ❁թԹԱթԹ, (թԹ՞թՉ-թԹթԹ❁թԹ՟թԹ,) թԹԷթԹ(թՉ-թԹ❁թԹԲթԹ,թԹ❁թԹԷթԹԴթՉ-թԹԲթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ—: թԹ՞թԹ՛թԹ❁ թԹզթՉ-թԹ❁թԹԳթՉ թԹ«թԹ,թԹԳ թԹԵթԹ❁թԹէթԹաթԹ❁թԹԶթԹԳթԹ(թՉ-թԹ,թԹ թԹԲթԹ, թՉթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ,թԹզթԹ—, թԹԴթՉ- թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹբթԹ(թՉ-թԹ— թԹ)թԹ՝թԹ։թԹԴթԹ՛ թԹ«թԹ,թԹԳ թԹբթՉ-թՉ❁թԹ❁թԹԳթԹԴթՉթԹԲ թՉթԹ,թԹ՜թԹԴթԹբթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ, թԹ՛թԹԴթՉթԹգթԹ❁թՉ-թԹ՞թԹ❁թԹԳթԹ— թԹէթԹ(թԹԱթԹ❁թԹ)թՉ-թԹ(թԹ-թԹԴթՉ թԹբթՉ-թՉ❁թԹ❁թԹԳթԹ, թՉթԹ❁թԹԱթԹ❁թՉթԹ❁թԹԵթԹ(թԹէթԹ❁թՉ-թԹ❁թԹԳթԹ, թԹԷթԹ(թՉ-թԹեթԹ(թՉ-թԹզ թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹբթԹ❁թԹթՉ-թԹ❁թԹ… թԹԴթՉ-թԹԴթԹգթԹԴթՉթԹԲթԹ,թԹ:
թՉթԹ,թԹ՜թԹԴթԹբթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ, թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹ»թԹ։թԹ❁թԹբթԹ,թԹԳ թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹբթԹ❁թԹթՉթԹԳթԹ(թՉ-թԹ, թԹ՛թԹ(թՉ-թԹ.թԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹԳ թԹ)թՉ-թԹզթՉ❁թԹԴթՉ-թԹԴթՉթԹԲթԹ— թԹԳթՉ-թԹ❁ թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹբթԹէթԹ❁թՉ-թԹ❁թՉ-թԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹԴթՉթԹԳթԹԳ թԹ«թՉ- 1919 թԹ.. թԹ)թԹ(թԹ՜թԹէթԹ(թԹԲթԹ§թԹ(թՉ-թԹ,թԹԳ, թՉ-թԹ❁թԹբթԹ❁թԹզթԹէթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ, թԹ❁թԹԶթԹ❁թԹեթԹ,թԹԳ թԹ❁թԹԳթԹ՜թԹ❁թԹ՟ թՉ-թԹ❁թԹԳթՉ-թԹ❁թԹԵթԹ(թԹէթԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹ❁թԹԳ թԹ՜թԹ❁թՉ-թԹաթԹ❁թԹէթՉ❁ թԹ։թԹԴթԹբթԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹ❁թԹԳ (1918-1920) թԹ—թԹԳթԹ.թԹ❁թԹթՉթԹԴթՉթԹԲ. թԹ,թՉ-թԹ❁թԹբ թԹգթԹԴթԹԷթԹ,թԹԳթԹ,թԹզթԹէթԹԳթԹ(թՉ-թԹ—, թԹ❁թԹԵթԹ❁թԹԷթԹ,թԹԳթԹ(թԹ-թԹԴթԹԷ թԹ,թԹԲթԹԵթԹ(թՉ-թԹ,թԹ❁թԹ-թԹ,թԹզթԹէթԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹԳ թԹ)թԹ❁թԹգթԹԳթԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ,թԹթԹԳթԹ(թՉ-թԹ,թԹԳ, թԹ❁թԹԶթԹ❁թԹե թԹ(թԹԳ թԹԲթԹԱթԹԴթՉթԹԲ թԹԲթԹ, թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹԳթԹթԹ❁թԹԷթԹԴթՉ- թԹ։թԹ❁թԹԱթԹ❁թԻթԹ❁թՉ-թԹ թԹ,թՉթԹ(թԹ… թՉ-թԹ❁թԹբթԹ❁թԹզթԹէթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ,թԹե թԹզթԹէթԹ(թԹԱթԹ…թԹԴթՉթԹԲթԹ— թԹԵթԹ❁թԹէթԹԲթԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹԳ թՉ-թԹ❁թԹբթԹ❁թԹզթԹէթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ, թԹզթԹ❁թԹ՛թԹԲթԹ❁թԹԳթԹԳթԹ(թՉ-թԹԴթՉթԹԲ: թԹ՞թԹբթԹԳթԹէթԹ(թԹԱ թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹբթԹ(թՉ-թԹ, թԹ§թԹ❁թԹթԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹբթԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹԴթՉթԹԳթԹԳ թԹԴթՉ թԹԲթԹ❁թԹ՛թԹԲթԹ(թԹ)թԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹԳ թԹ§թԹԳթԹ❁թԹ՜թԹդթԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹ❁թԹԳ թԹ§թԹ❁թԹթԹ❁թՉ-թԹ՞թԹ❁թԹ՜ թԹԳթԹ(թՉ-թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹբթԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹԴթՉթԹԳթԹ— թԹԳթՉ-թԹ❁թԹԳթԹ թԹդթԹ, թԹԲթԹէթԹ❁թԹ՛թԹԴթԹ։թԹԴթՉթԹԲթ§Չ-Թ» թԹԲթԹ(թՉ- [թԹէթԹԴթԹԲթԹԴթՉթԹԳթԹ,թԹզթԹէթԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹԳ] թԹ՜թԹԴթՉթԹզթԹ❁թԹ՜թԹթԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹԴթՉթԹԳթԹ— թԹդթԹ, թԹ՜թԹ❁թՉ-թԹԴթԹԱ թԹ❁թԹեթԹ❁թԹ՜թԹթԹ(թԹ- թԹ,թՉթԹ(թԹ…թԹե թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹԲ թԹ,թՉթԹԴթՉթՉ-թԹե թԹդթԹԴթՉթՉ-թՉթԹ❁թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹբթԹ❁թԹզթԹէթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ, թԹ։թԹ❁թԹԱթԹ❁թԻթԹ❁թՉ-թԹ,թԹԳթԹե: թԹեթՉ-թԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹԳթԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹԴթՉթԹԳթԹԳ թԹ❁թԹբթԹԳ թԹ«, թԹԴթՉ- թԹզթԹԴթՉ-թԹ՛թՉ-թԹ)թԹ❁թԹբթԹ,թԹԳ թՉթԹ,թԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹԴթՉթԹԳթԹ— թԹ(թՉ-թԹ§թԹ(թՉ թԹդթԹ, թԹԵթԹ❁թԹգթԹէթԹԵթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ(թԹ- թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹբթԹ(թՉ-թԹ, թԹ,թՉ-թԹ❁թԹԷթԹԴթՉթԹԳթՉթԹԳթԹ(թՉ-թԹ— թԹդթԹԴթՉթՉ-թՉթԹ,թԹ❁թԹբթԹԴթՉթԹԲ:
թԹթԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹբթԹԳ թՉթԹ,թԹ՜թԹԴթԹբթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ— թԹաթԹ,թԹգթԹէ թԹ« թԹԲթԹ❁թԹէթԹԳթԹ❁թԹԳթԹգթԹ(թԹ-, թԹԴթՉ- թՉթԹ,թԹ❁թԹթԹբթԹ❁թԹ- թՉ թԹ❁թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹԳթԹ։թԹԳթԹ(թՉ-թԹ— թԹ)թԹ(թԹԲ թԹ« թԹ,թԹաթԹԳթԹգթԹԷթԹ❁թԹ… թԹ՝թԹԴթԹԱթԹԴթԹԷթԹԴթՉթՉ-թԹ)թԹԳթԹ(թՉ-թԹ, թԹ❁թԹ»թԹ❁թԹէթԹ❁թԹ։թՉ-թԹԲթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ—թԹե, թԹ(թՉ-թԹ§ թԹ,թԹ՝թԹԴթԹԱթԹԴթԹԷթԹԴթՉթՉ-թԹ)թԹԳթԹ(թՉ-թԹ— թԹաթԹԳթԹգթԹԷթԹ❁թԹ… թԹ(թԹԳ թԹ,թՉ- թԹ՜թԹԴթԹԱթԹԲթԹԳթԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ,թԹթԹԳթԹ(թՉ-թԹ, թՉ❁ թԹ)թԹ❁թԹգթԹԳթԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ,թԹթԹԳթԹ(թՉ-թԹ, թԹ՜թԹԴթԹԱթԹԲթԹ,թԹթԹե, թԹ,թԹԳթԹդթԹԵթԹ,թԹզթԹ,թՉ թԹ(թԹԳ թԹդթԹԴթՉթՉ-թՉթԹ,թԹ❁թԹԳ թՉ❁ թԹգթԹ❁թԹէ թԹԴթՉթՉ-թԹ,թԹգթԹԳթԹ(թՉ-:
թՉթԹ,թԹ՜թԹԴթԹբթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ— թԹԳթԹ❁թՉ❁ թԹ՛թԹ❁թՉ-թԹթԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹԳթԹ, թԹէթԹ❁թԹ՜ թԹ)թՉ-թԹ(թԹ թԹ❁թԹբթԹԳ, թԹ.թԹ( թԹ❁թՉ-թԹ)թԹբթԹԴթՉ թԹ՟թԹԴթՉ-թԹ՛թՉ-թԹ)թԹ❁թԹբթԹ,թԹԳ թԹԱթԹ(թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹԷթԹ❁թՉ-թԹԳթԹ(թՉ-թԹ— թԹԵթԹ(թԹէթՉ թԹ« թԹԴթՉթԹգթԹ❁թԹ)թՉ-թԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹԴթՉթԹԳ թԹ)թԹ❁թՉ-թԹ՞թԹԳթԹ(թԹԳ թԹթԹԵթԹ,թԹէթԹ❁թԹ՜ թԹէթԹ❁թԹԳ թԹ)թՉ-թԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹԳ թԹ՝թԹ(թԹզթԹէթԹ(թՉ-թԹ,թԹԳ, թԹ.թԹ( թժ թԹ(թԹէթԹ)թԹ(թԹԵթԹ❁թՉ-թԹէթԹ❁թԹԲթԹ(թԹԳթԹէթԹ, թԹ❁թԹԷթԹ(թԹ-թԹ, թԹ.թԹգթԹԳթԹ❁թԹԲթԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹԳ թԹ❁թՉ-թԹ՞թԹ❁թԹ։թԹ❁թԹԳթՉթԹԳթԹ(թՉ-թԹ,թԹԳ: թՉթԹ,թԹ՜թԹԴթԹբթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ— թԹ,թԹ՛թԹ(թԹէթԹ❁թՉթՉ-թՉթՉ-թԹԷթԹ(թԹ, թԹ.թԹ( թԹ❁թՉ-թԹ)թԹբթԹԴթՉ թԹզթԹԴթՉ-թԹ՛թՉ-թԹ)թԹ❁թԹբթԹ,թԹԳ թՉթԹ,թԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹԴթՉթԹԳթԹ— թԹԵթԹ(թԹէթՉ թԹ« թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹԷթԹ❁թԹէթԹ❁ թԹԳթԹ❁թԹ՟թԹ❁թԹ։թԹ❁թԹ՛թԹ, թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹԲ թԻթԹԴթԹ՟թԹԳթԹ❁թԹ՟թԹ❁թԹ։թԹ❁թԹ՛թԹ, թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹբթԹէթԹ❁թՉ-թԹ❁թՉ-թԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹԴթՉթԹԳթԹԳթԹ(թՉ-թԹ,թԹԳ, թԹ.թԹ( թԹԵթԹ(թԹէթՉ թԹ« թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹգթԹԷթԹ, թԹ❁թԹԶթԹԳթԹ, թժ թԹ(թԹէթԹ)թԹ(թԹԵթԹ❁թՉ-թԹէթԹ❁թԹԲթԹ(թԹԳթԹէթԹ, թԹ❁թԹբթԹզ թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹբթԹէթԹ❁թՉ-թԹ❁թՉ-թԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹԴթՉթԹԳթԹ— թԹԴթՉ-թԹԵթԹ(թԹզ թԹ❁թԹԲթԹ(թՉ-թԹ,թԹ՜թԹբթԹ❁թԹԳ թՉթԹ❁թԹԱթԹ❁թՉթԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹԳթԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹ❁թԹԳ թԹԴթՉթԹԱթԹԱթԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ, թԹ❁թՉ-թԹէթԹ❁թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹբթԹէթԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹԴթՉթԹԳթԹե: թՉթԹ,թԹ՜թԹԴթԹբթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ— թԹ§թԹ❁թԹթԹ❁թԹէթՉ-թԹ(թԹ, թԹԴթՉ- թԹ,թՉ թԹ❁թԹ՟թԹ❁թԹ։թԹ❁թԹ՛թԹ— թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹԳթԹ՞թԹԳթԹ❁թՉ-թԹ❁թՉ-թԹ(թԹ- թԹ« թժ թԹ(թԹէթԹ)թԹ(թԹԵթԹ❁թՉ-թԹէթԹ❁թԹԲթԹ(թԹԳթԹէթԹ,թԹԳ թԹԲթԹգթԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ(թԹ- թԹ❁թՉ-թԹէթԹ❁թՉթԹ,թԹԳ թԹ❁թԹԶթՉ❁թԹէթՉ-թԹ, թԹ»թԹ❁թՉ-թԹ։թԹ❁թԹթԹԲթԹ❁թԹԳ թԹԲթԹ,թԹեթԹԴթԹթԹ❁թԹԶթԹԴթՉթԹԲթԹԳթԹ(թՉ- [թԹզթԹԴթՉ-թԹ՛թՉ-թԹ)թԹ❁թԹբթԹ,թԹԳ թՉթԹ,թԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹ❁թԹԳ թԹ՛թԹ(թԹէ]: թժ թԹ(թԹէթԹ)թԹ(թԹԵթԹ❁թՉ-թԹէթԹ❁թԹԲթԹ(թԹԳթԹէթԹ, թԹ՞թԹ(թԹԶթԹԳթԹ❁թՉ-թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹ… թԹ։թԹԴթՉ-թԹ…թԹԴթԹԱթԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹԴթՉթԹԳթԹԳթԹ(թՉ-թԹ, թԹ❁թՉ-թԹ)թԹբթԹԴթՉթԹԳթՉթԹԴթՉթԹԲ թԹԵթԹ❁թՉ-թԹ»թԹԷթԹԴթՉթԹԲ թԹ«, թԹԴթՉ- թԹԳթԹ❁թԹ՟թԹ❁թԹ։թԹ❁թԹ՛թԹ— թԹԲթԹ(թԹ՜ թԹ§թԹ❁թԹԳ թԹ« թԹԴթՉթԹ»թԹԴթՉթԹԲ, թժ թԹ(թԹէթՉթԹ❁թՉ-թԹէթԹԴթՉթԹԱթԹ❁թՉ-թԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹԴթՉթԹԳթԹ—թԹ թԹԲթԹ(թԹ՜ թԹ❁թԹբթԹ-թԹե:
թՉթԹ,թԹ՜թԹԴթԹբթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ, թԹ՛թԹ(թԹէ թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹԳթԹ)թԹ,թԹԵթԹԴթՉթԹԲթԹ— թԹ❁թԹԷթԹ❁թՉ-թԹէթԹԷթԹ(թԹ թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹԲթԹ❁թԹ՟թԹԴթԹ՛թԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹ❁թԹԲթԹ§, թԻթԹԴթԹ՟թԹԳթԹ❁թԹ՟թԹ❁թԹ։թԹ❁թԹ՛ թՉ թԹ,թՉթԹզթԹԴթԹԳթԹ, թԹ՟թԹԴթԹզթԹէթԹԴթՉթԹԲթԹԴթԹԷ, թԹԴթՉ- թԹ,թԹԳթԹ❁ թՉթԹ,թԹ❁թԹթԹբթԹ❁թԹ- թՉ թԹ❁թԹ՛թԹ❁թԹԳթԹ։թԹԳթԹ(թՉ- թԹԷթԹ(թՉ-թԹ❁թԹ)թԹ❁թԹԶթԹԳթԹ❁թԹ-թԹԴթՉթԹ թԹ՛թԹ(թԹէթԹԴ թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹգթԹ՟թԹ❁թԹէթԹ, թԹ❁թԹԶթՉ❁թԹէթՉ-թԹ, թԹ՟թԹԳթԹ)թԹ,թՉ-թԹԳթԹ(թՉ-թԹ, թԹԴթՉթԹԱթԹԱթԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹ❁թԹԲթԹ§, թԹ§թԹ❁թԹբթԹ թԹԵթԹ(թԹէթՉ թԹ« թԹ։թԹ,թԹէթԹ❁թԹ՜թԹթԹ(թԹ-, թԹԴթՉ- թԹ❁թԹբթԹ) թԹ)թԹ՝թԹԷթԹ❁թՉ-թԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹԴթՉթԹԳթԹԳթԹ(թՉ-թԹ— թԹդթԹ(թԹԳ թԹ՜թԹ❁թՉ-թԹԴթԹԱ թԹ-թԹԴթՉթԹ…թԹԷթԹ(թԹ- թԹ։թՉ-թԹդթԹ, թԹԲթԹ(թԹ՜ թԹ՛թԹ❁թՉ-թԹԷթԹ❁թԹ…թԹԴթԹԷթԹե:
թժզթԹ(թՉ-թԹԴթԹԳթԹգթԹբթԹ❁թԹ- թԹ»թՉ-թԹԴթՉթԹբթԹթԹ— թԹթԹԴթՉթԹբթԹ թԹ« թԹէթԹ❁թԹ-թԹ,թԹզ, թԹԴթՉ- թՉթԹ,թԹ՜թԹԴթԹբթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ— թԹ,թՉ-թԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹԳթԹԴթՉթԹԲ թԹ,թԹ՟թԹԴթՉ-թԹ❁թԹԲթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ՜թԹե թԹ«թՉ-, թԹ,թԹԳթԹդթԹԵթԹ(թԹզ թԹԳթՉ-թԹ❁թԹԳ թԹԳթԹ՜թԹ❁թՉ-թԹ❁թԹ։թՉ-թԹԴթՉթԹԲ թԹ«թԹ,թԹԳ թԹ❁թՉ-թՉ❁թԹԲթԹէթԹբթԹ❁թԹԳ թԹԵթԹ❁թԹգթԹէթԹԴթԹԳթԹբթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ(թՉ-թԹ—: թՉ թԹ❁ թԹէթԹ❁թԹզթԹԳթԹ❁թԹԲթԹբթԹ❁թԹ՜թԹԳթԹ(թՉ- թԹգթԹ❁թՉ-թԹԴթՉթԹԳթԹ❁թԹ՜ թԹ։թԹԴթԹբթԹ❁թԹէթՉ❁թԹ(թԹ- թԹ« թԹզթԹԴթՉ-թԹ՛թՉ-թԹ)թԹ❁թԹբթԹ,թԹԳ թՉթԹ,թԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹ❁թԹԳ թԹԷթԹ(թՉ-թԹԳթԹ❁թԹ՟թԹ❁թԹԷթԹԴթՉթԹԲ`թԹ❁թԹԷթԹ❁թՉ-թԹէթԹ(թԹ-թԹԴթԹԷ թԹԴթՉ-թԹԵթԹ(թԹզ թԹաթԹ(թՉ-թԹ❁թԹ։թԹԴթՉթԹբթԹԳ թԹզթԹԴթՉ-թԹ՛թՉ-թԹ)թԹ, թԹԳթԹ❁թԹ՟թԹ❁թԹ։թԹ❁թԹ՛ 1964 թԹ.թԹԷթԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹԳթԹ,թԹ թԹԲթԹ,թԹԳթԹդթՉ❁ 1965 թԹ.թԹԷթԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ❁թԹԳթԹ, թԹԵթԹ❁թՉ-թԹէթԹ❁թԹ)թՉ-թԹԷթԹ❁թԹ… թԹ թԹ՜թԹ(թԹԳթԹզթԹ❁թԹ.թԹԴթԹգթԹ❁թԹ՜թԹ, թԹ։թԹԳթԹ❁թԹ-թԹ—:
թԹդթԹ❁թՉ-թԹ։թԹԲթԹ❁թԹԳթԹԴթՉթԹ.թԹբթԹԴթՉթԹԳթԹ—թԹ թժթԹԴթՉթԹ»թԹ❁թԹԳթԹԳթԹ❁ թԹ՞թԹԷթԹ❁թԹ։թԹբթԹ❁թԹԳթԹ,
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Mikoyanթ§Չ-Չ§s Surprising Comments to Nixon In 1959 About Armenian Rights in Turkey
by Harut Sassounian, Publisher, The California Courier թԹգ February 6, 2018
Recently I came across a document from the U.S. archives that describes the fascinating conversation between Anastas Mikoyan, First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union, and Vice President Richard Nixon on July 25, 1959 during the latterթ§Չ-Չ§s visit to Moscow. The two had met earlier during Mikoyanթ§Չ-Չ§s historic visit to the United States.
The discussion between the two rival leaders at the height of the Cold War was polite, but animated. Nixon praised Mikoyan թ§Չ-ժwho had left in the United States many friends who admire him for his stamina and agility in expressing his views.թ§Չ-Թ Nixon also stated that թ§Չ-ժMikoyanթ§Չ-Չ§s visit to the U.S. had broken the ice not only officially but also privately, regarding the respective points of view of the two countries.թ§Չ-Թ The archival document noted that Mikoyan թ§Չ-ժreturned the Vice Presidentթ§Չ-Չ§s compliments in kind and added that the Vice President is a great debater who never leaves anyone in his debt.թ§Չ-Թ
The conversation quickly turned political when Mikoyan complained about the inappropriateness of a recent congressional resolution on captive nations թ§Չ-Չ states subjugated to Communist rule, including Armenia. Mikoyan felt that the resolution was intended to undermine Nixonթ§Չ-Չ§s visit to the Soviet Union. Nixon gave the excuse that the U.S. Congress is an independent body and not even the President can control its decisions! Vice President Nixon went on to explain: թ§Չ-ժthere are in our population elements, whether Mr. Mikoyan believes they are wrong or not, who feel that governments in their former homelands should be changed. Our Congress often passes resolutions representing the views of those elements, who include such nationalities as Polish, Hungarian, etc. The resolution, and particularly the proclamation of the President, had made a point that it was only an expression of the opinion of American people and the American Government and that they are not attempting to engage in so-called subversive activities.թ§Չ-Թ
Surprisingly, Mikoyan, one of the highest ranking Soviet officials, then brought up his Armenian heritage by telling Nixon that թ§Չ-ժhe was an Armenian, and that although he is not active in the Government of Armenia proper, he knows some 30 Supreme Soviet Deputies of that Republic and all of them have been wondering who gave the American Government the authority to act in their behalf and why the American Government is not doing something for the liberation of really oppressed peoples, such as the Armenian minority in Turkey.թ§Չ-Թ
Mikoyanթ§Չ-Չ§s statement was surprising because he was speaking with Vice President Nixon as a Soviet leader, not as an Armenian. Furthermore, Mikoyan was not known as an Armenian nationalist. In fact, he had been blamed for the deaths of many Armenians during the infamous purges under Communist rule. Mikoyan also had not supported the reunion of Karabagh (Artsakh) with Soviet Armenia. These are some of the reasons Armenians were unhappy with the recent decision of the Yerevan City Council to erect Mikoyanթ§Չ-Չ§s monument in Yerevan.
A further indication of Mikoyanթ§Չ-Չ§s anti-nationalist views is his statement of December 1919, during the short existence of the first independent Republic of Armenia (1918-1920): թ§Չ-ժArmenian chauvinists relying on the allies of imperialism push forward a criminal idea թ§Չ-Չ the creation of a թ§Չ-խGreat Armeniaթ§Չ-Չ§ on the borders of Historic Armenia. The absence of Armenians and the presence of an absolute Muslim population there does not concern themթ§Չ-Թ»our [Communist] party cannot support the idea of either a թ§Չ-խGreatթ§Չ-Չ§ or թ§Չ-խSmallթ§Չ-Չ§ Turkish Armenia.թ§Չ-Թ The reality is that the Soviet Union did not defend the rights of the Armenians in Turkey.
However, Mikoyan rightly pointed out that the United States is against թ§Չ-ժthe liberation of oppressed peoplesթ§Չ-Թ when թ§Չ-ժthe peoples in question are oppressed by its friends and allies,թ§Չ-Թ such as Turkey, and many others.
Mikoyan also questioned whether the Soviet leaders should pay attention to the positive gestures of the White House or the more hostile reactions of the State Department. Mikoyan թ§Չ-ժwondered whether the Soviet Union should believe the pronouncements by the President or the Vice President or whether it should regard this statement by the State Department as a direct expression of American policy.թ§Չ-Թ Mikoyan explained that թ§Չ-ժthe President had instructed the Department of State to work out measures for the development of foreign trade [with the Soviet Union]. In view of the actions taken by the State Department it appears that the President wants one thing and the Department of State another.թ§Չ-Թ
Mikoyanթ§Չ-Չ§s meeting concluded on a conciliatory note with Vice President Nixon promising that թ§Չ-ժupon his return to the United States he would work on the problem of trade, but that one must realize that difficulties cannot be resolved by a stroke of pen.թ§Չ-Թ
The above conversation shows that Mikoyan was in fact as թ§Չ-ժwilyթ§Չ-Թ as described by Western officials. He had survived for several decades at the highest echelons of the Soviet Union, ending up as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, the nominal Head of State, from 1964 until his forced retirement in 1965.
thecaliforniacourier.com
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